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#C STRING TO BCD CODE#
The source code of this library is included in the BCD project. As such, it is an implementation of a precise binary-coded-decimal. The fractional part is stored in a character array, and interpreted in each mathematical operation. This library takes the approach of storing the mathematical mantissa and the fractional part separately. Arbitrary-Floating-PointĪfter some searching in the mathematical realm, I found the arbitrary-floating-point (AFP) class of Henrik Vestermark. As soon as we want to implement more mathematical operators, this implementation becomes bothersome, and as we will see later: slow. ?Īlthough the classical operators like adding and subtracting are easy to implement in this format, much was left to be desired. Enough to do the bookkeeping of a large multi-national company or a small country. This implementation – dubbed the integer-coded-decimal – did allow for 16 decimal places before and after the decimal point. 4 integers before the decimal point and 4 integers after the decimal point. In order to do exact numerical calculations, my first try was to implement a numeric class that stores the numbers in integer format.
#C STRING TO BCD ISO#
And the language itself, not even through the process of the ISO standard, has ever featured such a datatype. Microsoft has never bundled a ‘ bcd’ datatype with their implementation of the C++ language.
![c string to bcd c string to bcd](https://cdncontribute.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/BCD-excess-3-circuit.jpg)
To my best knowledge, this datatype was dropped in the later versions of this compiler. Upto the point where Borland sold their C++ compiler to Embarcadero, it had a built in ‘ bcd’ datatype that could be directly used, just as you would use an ‘ int’ or a ‘ double’.
![c string to bcd c string to bcd](https://www.w3resource.com/w3r_images/csharp-basic-algorithm-exercises-flowchart-86.png)
#C STRING TO BCD SOFTWARE#
Binary coded decimal calculations were the default on this platform which made it typically suited to build accounting software and store the results in a database. 4GL Programming Languagesįourth generation languages bonded to a specific database platform (e.g., INFORMIX-4GL) had a DECIMAL datatype as a built-in feature. There have existed (and still exist!) a number of predecessors to this bcd class. The chapter about “ BCD and the ODBC Standard” explains how this bcd class solves that problem. The binary transport of that data in a radix 256 numeric struct is often too great a challenge for most programmers on a daily business schedule. Data for these datatypes is often binded and used in ODBC applications as a string.
![c string to bcd c string to bcd](https://web2.0calc.com/img/question-preview-image/1-how-many-permutations-of-the-letters-abcdefg-contain-the-string-bcd-2-how-many-ways-are-there-for-eight-men-and-five-women-to-stand-in-a.png)
The ODBC (Open-DataBase Connectivity) standard has a data structure ( SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT) to transport the data for NUMERIC and DECIMAL numbers. Also, the storing and retrieving of NUMERIC and DECIMAL numbers to and from databases require lengthy calculations to convert the numbers, requiring precious CPU cycles. This lack of a binary-coded-decimal datatype makes it cumbersome to do accounting and bookkeeping calculations in C++.
![c string to bcd c string to bcd](http://www.jlamusic.com/Media/Images/learnpage/guitarnotes/bcdsecondstring/BCD%20Echo%20Melody%20Copyright%202015%20Jeffrey%20Anvinson%20www_jlamusic_com.jpg)
In such an implementation, no rounding errors can occur, as extra bits are used to represent a decimal number instead of a binary number. The solution has been to store these numbers in the so-called “BINARY-CODED-DECIMAL” format. (Borland C++ 2.0 being the last one that had that!) Although the Intel x386 processor has something of a ‘ bcd’ type of operator to correct the effect of binary calculations, no C++ compiler today exists with a built-in exact numeric datatype. In the C++ language, the built-in datatype “ double” (IEEE 754) datatype is in radix 2, so it is also an approximate datatype. This is in contrast with approximate data types like FLOAT and REAL. And it is for accounting reasons that databases have special datatypes like NUMERIC and DECIMAL that are precise number formats. Here, a roundoff error of 1 cent can sent an accountant screaming for an explanation and a multi-million dollar investigation. It’s far easier to forget about binary rounding errors and pretend that calculations are precise.Īlas! This doesn’t add up for dull purposes like accounting and bookkeeping. We forget about this many times as the illusion of a mathematical machine is quite compelling.
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